To others. (= efforts seeking balance as to mutuality, attachment, and dependency. )
Away from others. (= efforts usually defensive, to compensate for the perils, pains, and frustrations closeness generates.)
To join with internal aspects of yourself. (Self Image forms, but for some, with danger of creating idealized fictional extensions. This is common to behaviors labeled neurotic. )
Turn certain aspects of yourself against yourself. ( Normal self criticism may over develop causing alienation to start which explains many self-defeating behaviors.)

CERTAIN PROBLEMS ARE CONNECTED WITH THE FULFILLMENT OR NON-FULFILLMENT OF NEEDS WHICH MAY CAUSE ANXIETIES AND HOSTILTIES TO APPEAR. CERTAIN COMPULSIVE AND INHIBITION POWERS ARE ALSO ‘BASIC’ NEED CONNECTED AND MAY WORK UNCONSCIOUSLY IN YOUR LIFE.

The Neurotic Needs According to Karen Horney

Neurotic needs are compulsive AND cause anxiety.

“Basic anxiety is the foundation of the neurotic personality. Horney identifies ten strategies and corresponding needs that neurotics develop to cope with their excessive anxiety and feelings of helplessness and loneliness“

Karen Horney first listed these 10 “neurotic needs” in Self-Analysis, 1942, pp. 51-56.

1. The neurotic need for affection and approval (see The Neurotic Personality of Our Time, Chapter 6, on the need for affection):Some variations exist such as the indiscriminate need to please others and to be liked and approved of by others. the automatic living up to the expectations of others;

Center of focus emotional  is on others and not on the self, with their wishes and opinions the only thing that counts. Dread of self-assertion may be involed and also the dread of hostility on the part of others or of hostile feelings within self.

2. The neurotic need for a “partner” who will take over one’s life (see New Ways in Psychoanalysis, Chapter 15, on masochism, and Fromm’s Escape from Freedom, Chapter 5, on authoritarianism; also the example given below in Chapter 8):

Center of focus entirely in the “partner,” who is to fulfill all expectations of life and take responsibility for good and evil, his successful manipulation becoming the predominant task; and connected is the overvaluation of “love” because “love” is supposed to solve all problems;

Dread of desertion commonly the dread of being alone relates to both childhood experiences and real dangers of separation in the present.

3. The neurotic need to restrict one’s life within narrow borders:

Necessity to be undemanding and contented with little, and to restrict ambitions and wishes for material things; ( a compulsion, often overlooked item on many psychological inventories) or may exist as a compulsive ‘necessity’ to remain inconspicuous and to take second place;often with tendency to  self-belittling  ones good faculties and potentialities, with a exagerated  modesty. Compulssive urge to save rather than to spend. Dread of making any demands. Dread of having strart or follow through on asserting reasonable needs and rights.

4. The neurotic need for power ( The Neurotic Personality of Our Time, Chapter 10, on the need for power, prestige, and possession):

Domination over others craved for its own sake; excessice and compulive devotion to cause, duty, responsibility, a maintained  and open disrespect for  ’others’, their individuality, their dignity, their feelings, the only concern being their subordination in the exchange. Often acts indiscriminate has adoration for strength and contempt for any weakness in other and sometimes in one’s own self. Compulsive control issue sufaces often as a dread of uncontrollable situations; dread of anything situating them as even momentarily helplessness.

The neurotic need to control both oneself and others may indirectly assert by use of reason and foresight and rule making and thus  not openly show it’s deeper  domination goal. It may be useful for those who are too inhibited to exert power directly and openly. Those wih this neurotic striving often offer a strong belief in the omnipotence of intelligence and reason and deny the power of emotional forces and have contempt for them. At times they dread any recognizing of limitations to the power of reason. A feeling of fortitude may be gained from the belief in the magic power of will (like possession of a wishing ring as if reality itself is to change because they wish it so.)

5. The neurotic need to exploit others and by hook or crook get the better of them, others are evaluated primarily according to whether or not they can be exploited or made use of.

Various foci of exploitation–money (bargaining amounts to a passion), ideas, sexuality, feelings, folloed by pride in exploitative skill or dread of being exploited and thus of being “stupid.”

6. The neurotic need for social recognition or prestige (may or may not be combined with a craving for power) For many under the compulive push of the need, things–inanimate objects, money, persons, one’s own qualities, activities, and feelings are evaluated and accpted according to their prestige enhansing values.

They may follow the use of traditional or rebellious ways of inciting attention, envy or admiration,  potentially magnified by  concepts of losing face, caste, status any humiliation hurts,  whether or not caused through external circumstances or through factors from within.

7. The neurotic need for personal admiration:

Inflated image of self (narcissism);

Need to be admired not for what one possesses or presents in the public eye but for the imagined self;

Self-evaluation dependent on living up to this image and on admiration of it by others;

Dread of losing admiration (”humiliation hurts”).

8. The neurotic ambition for personal achievement:

Need to surpass others not through what one presents or is but through one’s activities;

Self-evaluation dependent on being the very best–lover, sportsman, writer, worker–particularly in one’s own mind, recognition by others being vital too, however, and its absence resented;

Admixture of destructive tendencies (toward the defeat of others) never lacking but varying in intensity;

Relentless driving of self to greater achievements, though with pervasive anxiety;

Dread of failure (”humiliation”).

9. The neurotic need for self-sufficiency and independence:

Necessity never to need anybody, or to yield to any influence, or to be tied down to anything, any closeness involving the danger of enslavement;

Distance and separateness the only source of security;

Dread of needing others, of ties, of closeness, of love.

10. The neurotic need for perfection and unassailability

(see New Ways in Psychoanalysis, Chapter 13, on the super-ego, and E. Fromm, Escape from Freedom, Chapter 5, on automaton conformity):

Relentless driving for perfection;

Rumination and self-recriminations regarding possible flaws;

Feelings of superiority over others because of being perfect;

Dread of finding flaws within self or of making mistakes;

Dread of criticism or reproaches.

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Karen Horney (1937). The Neurotic Personality Of Our Time. New York: W. W. Norton.

___________ (1939). New Ways in Psychoanalysis. New York: W. W. Norton.

___________ (1942). Self-Analysis. New York: W. W. Norton.

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For each disorder included in the DSM, a set of diagnostic criteria that indicate what symptoms must be present (and for how long) in order to qualify for a diagnosis (called inclusion criteria) as well as those symptoms that must not be present (called exclusion criteria) in order for an individual to qualify for a particular diagnosis. Many users of the DSM find these diagnostic criteria particularly useful because they provide a compact encapsulated description of each disorder. Furthermore, use of diagnostic criteria has been shown to increase diagnostic reliability (i.e., likelihood that different users will assign the same diagnosis). However, it is important to remember that these criteria are meant to be used a guidelines to be informed by clinical judgment and are not meant to be used in a cookbook fashion.

Finally, the third component of the DSM is the descriptive text that accompanies each disorder. The text of DSM-IV systematically describes each disorder under the following headings: “Diagnostic Features”; “Subtypes and/or Specifiers”; “Recording Procedures”; “Associated Features and Disorders”; “Specific Culture, Age, and Gender Features”; “Prevalence”; “Course”; “Familial Pattern”; and “Differential Diagnosis.”

DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition), published in 1994 was the last major revision of the DSM. It was the culmination of a six-year effort that involved over 1000 individuals and numerous professional organizations. Much of the effort involved conducting a comprehensive review of the literature to establish a firm empirical basis for making modifications. Numerous changes were made to the classification (i.e., disorders were added, deleted, and reorganized), to the diagnostic criteria sets, and to the descriptive text based on a careful consideration of the available research about the various mental disorders.

In anticipation of the fact that the next major revision of the DSM (i.e., DSM-V) will not appear until 2010 or later (i.e., at least 16 years after DSM-IV), a text revision of the DSM-IV called DSM-IV-TR was published in July 2000. The primary goal of the DSM-IV-TR was to maintain the currency of the DSM-IV text, which reflected the empirical literature up to 1992. Thus, most of the major changes in DSM-IV-TR were confined to the descriptive text. Changes were made to a handful of criteria sets in order to correct errors identified in DSM-IV. In addition, some of the diagnostic codes were changed to reflect updates to the ICD-9-CM coding system adopted by the US Government.
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Early Szondi Theory: Psychological Drives have a detectable structure.

A little know aspect of Fateanalysis is that their exists (AS determinable in the Szondi Test) evidence of settings of the basic drive directions of individuals.

Szondi argued red that these settings reflect the peferencess that lead to a persons fate in life (hence the “fate analysis term). These settings can only be partly explained as being determined by imitation, education, Pavlovian conditioning or environmental pressures.

Szondi offered a gene theory as the recasting in one[s lif r

His ancestor set drives and preferences. His special insight was, that these drives are when exaggerated the same as eight basic psychiatric conditions, universal in humans. He came to this opinion from a decade long genealogy study.

These impulses, he theorized, must be set in some maner and that his test invention showed in graphic form that the that such controls exist and can be filtered out for observation. They are by this projective type test revealed, when understod, as an individuals drive system. The term drive and drive system was useful addition to Szondi’s work,

This meant a persons drives are also the result of existing settings.

This was something like the permissions and defaults we have come to know as the software actions in a computer programs today but were not in the vocabulary of 1937. An analogy is, when some are ‘on’- certain others are ‘off’ but still exist, ‘grayed out’ and not accessible until a certain task is completed or canceled [as need satisfied].

These CONTROLLING SETTINGS [also called, cleavages] have a range permitted by heredity in external pressures on an individual’s personality system. This defines the limits, that imitation, education and conditioning can make on an individual’s thinking, feeling, and behavioral possibilities. Real limitations as well as fundamental drives must balance. Normal is in this view a balanced mixture of the eight universal psychiatric conditions, thus there are many normals,

The setting range is limited by an individual’s inheritance as to intelligence, emotional responses, and neurological state. However the Szondi test shows also, the theory, as it represents in an analog form that which a known about the individual from his history and specific clinical empirics.

The gene theory, If true, then one has to accept that, many individuals do not effectively control what they do inherit.

There is reason to believe that the possibilities, an individual uses in his development can unfold only within the control possibilities that pass to him from the gene mixture. Control are not totally fixed, the evidence each individual used a preferred setting modes, within several available to him.

In order to understand these settings and the resultant thought feeling and behavioral out comes, we have to filter them out and set them into the fame of referece based on the eight psychiatric conditions that Szondi used. Other conditions would filter out other aspects of personality, just as other tests and inventories filter out different things. No one tests or procedure can cover every psychological events or outcomes.

Then hopefully to use this knowable to assist that person to satisfy the needs in a social positive manner. In particular those that define his ways or modes of satisfying his innate drive needs. (Innate drives needs are those common to all humans and discernible with similar goals in animals. Thus, hereditary and biological in nature.) This may sound like double talk until you can you can form a table of the possibilities and display the possibilities.

The great minds of the past from Aristotle, through to the philosophers and today’s modern psychology theorists, all offer useful but partial examples of such possibilities and limitations. Our knowledge situation is much like the state of chemistry before the insights of the Russian professor, Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev 1834-1907, the creator of the first workable predictive version of the periodic table of elements. Unlike other contributors to earlier chemistry tables,

The Mendeleev display predicted the properties of elements yet to be discovered. This was with some inconsistencies do to an incomplete array of findings, the rarity and transient nature of some elements and limited tools of analysis that existed in his day. [Note the parallel to psychology to day.] Our ability to display the graphic analogs of the human drive system is about at the level of and shares similar problems as the Mendeleev display.

Also we note that Szondi’s test instrument, that he always called his test experimental, and the test ensemble has not been revised or supplemented with new reagent quality visage photos since it’s introduction in 1937. Nor has the eight psychiatric conditions used as core to his filtering out of the settings been brought into the thinking of DSM IV. In fact Catatonia, Hysteria. Epilepsy and Manic-Depressive have new OR modified definitions and if we are to understand Szondi correctly we must use his definitions. Be this as it may, we must persist, using the tools we have, rather than lose the insight and prediction capabilities inherent in the Szondian tables, filling in as we go from our own findings tested against the opinions of L. Szondi and his coworkers, particularly Susan Deri, who offers a psychology approach and Jacques Schotte, in Belgium, who developed a special ‘Pathoanalysis’ approach, using new tables of a natural development circuit he uncovered. (Too complex to include here.)

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The Possible Settings (Following Szondi) are four main divisions. They also may be conceived as being related - Heredity spheres.

1.Sexual

2. Paroxysmal

3. Ego,

4. Contact

Each sphere is an important study and the cluster of controls within each are needed to explain particular aspects of human psychology. Limited as is our present ability to do so is at thus time. To recognize a setting you must know the like and dislike set positions of the two factors in that sphere.

A heredity sphere is also called a “Vector” a term borrowed from navigation science. The reagent visage photo dyadic forming a Vector Sexual: Homosexuals and Sadists. Paroxysmal: Epileptics and Hysterics. Ego (Sch): Catatonics and Paranoids. Contact: Manics and Depressives. FOUR HEREDITY SPHERES OF HUMANS as understood WITHIN THE CONSTRAINTS OF THE SZONDI TEST. These four Spheres when set into a Mendeleeve-like table forms a relative system, within which psychological needs and behavioral strivings are in a (determinable by the experimental test) relationship. With each such setting determined one can attach a term or phrase that reflects its nature. This nature term may be appropriate in some cases and not others, but offers a starting point for logical analysis.

The clinical empirics found in others with known conditions or symptoms or behavior syndromes have to support it as being a common to others that have that setting. (This is also the case with other projective tests, such as the Rorschach Ink Blot test as one of the validity indexes.) Each Sphere, has 16 possibilities that exist within it. This number is do to the constraints of the test’s construction. Perhaps a further developed test set could filter out additional settings or even strivings of a different nature, if a more refined process for the separation was constructed. At present we must use what we have. However as limited as one can argue that the Szondi Test st instrument is, it is still a useful. For decisive analysis one must not rely on any one test or test method. method to advance our knowledge and findings. The findings then force a change in out theoretic. We are not attempting the teaching the test. Here we are illustrating its unique possibilities that may spin off into education, vocational selection, social work, mental hygiene, personal psychotherapy or self-analysis.

The shunned teachings of Hungarian Psychiatist, Lipot (Leopold) Szondi become new again.

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There are links on the Blogroll to sites with “support groups” for those becoming depressed or needing serious medical or psychiatric treatment.
Nevertheless, if you really wish to explore the hidden aspects of yourself, on your own without the help of a live therapist. you should ask fateanalsisguy@gmail for instrictions and ACCEPT the disclimers. Your e-mail address or any other markers of indentity. No content will be shared with anyone without your permission. You will not be asked for personal history other than age, gender and your ocupational type. Fateanalysis as provided here is educational only and not offered as treatment for any condition or professional service medical or psychotherapy. It teaches an alternative method of gaining self-knowledge. If you follow this to its root, all that you believed to be psychologic turns out to be genic.