There is the possibility of a systematic self-analysis.
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It should be obvious to any discerning
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January 3, 2010
January 1, 2010
Basic Conflict- You have it-They have it-Neurotic’s have it decisively.
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For 2010 we take a look backward to 1945 and a reminder, that today’s psychological concepts have a past, which set the foundation for today’s valied teachings. Back to the future, may not be just a clever phrase, after all.
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Karen Horney, M.D. (c) 1945 W. W. Norton, INC.
CHAPTER TWO The Basic Conflict CONFLICTS play an infinitely greater role in neurosis than is commonly assumed. To detect them, however, is no easy matter-partly because they are essentially unconscious, but even more because the neurotic goes to any length to deny their existence. What, then, are the signals that would warrant us to suspect underlying conflicts? In the examples cited in the previous chapter their presence was indicated by two factors, both fairly obvious. One was the resulting symptoms-fatigue in the first case, stealing in the second. The fact is that every neurotic symptom points to an underlying conflict; that is, every symptom is a more or less direct outgrowth of a conflict. We shall see gradually what unresolved conflicts do to people, how they produce states of anxiety, depression, indecision, inertia, detachment, and so on. An understanding of the causative relation here helps direct our attention from the manifest disturbances to their source-though the exact nature of the source will not be disclosed. The other signal indicating that conflicts were in operation was inconsistency. In the first example we saw a man convinced of a procedure being wrong and of injustice done him, making no move to protest. In the second a person who highly valued friendship turned to stealing money from a friend. Sometimes the person 34 himself will be aware of such inconsistencies; more often he is blind to them even when they are blatantly obvious to an untrained observer. Inconsistencies are as definite an indication of the presence of conflicts as a rise in body temperature is of physical disturbance. To cite some common ones: A girl wants above all else to marry, yet shrinks from the advances of any man. A mother oversolicitous of her children frequently forgets their birthdays. A person always generous to others is niggardly about small expenditures for himself. Another who longs for solitude never manages to be alone. One forgiving and tolerant toward most people is oversevere and demanding with himself. Unlike the symptoms, the inconsistencies often permit of tentative assumptions as to the nature of the underlying conflict. An acute depression, for instance, reveals only the fact that a person is caught in a dilemma. But if an apparently devoted mother forgets her children’s birthdays, we might be inclined to think that the mother was more devoted to her ideal of being a good mother than to the children themselves. We might also admit the possibility that her ideal collided with an unconscious sadistic tendency to frustrate them. Sometimes a conflict will appear on the surface-that is, be consciously experienced as such. This would seem to contradict my assertion that neurotic conflicts are unconscious. But actually what appears is a distortion or modification of the real conflict. Thus a person may be torn by a conscious conflict when, in spite of his evasive techniques, well-functioning otherwise, he. finds himself confronted with the necessity of making a major de- 35 cision. He cannot decide now whether to marry this woman or that one or whether to marry at all, whether to take this or that job, whether to retain or dissolve a partnership. He will then go through the greatest torment, shuttling from one opposite to the other, utterly incapable of arriving at any decision. He may in his distress call upon an analyst, expecting him to clarify the particular issues involved. And he will necessarily be disappointed, because the present conflict is merely the point at which the dynamite of inner frictions finally exploded. The particular problem distressing him now cannot be solved without taking the long and tortuous road of recognizing the conflicts hidden beneath it. In other instances the inner conflict may be externalized and appear in the person’s conscious mind as an incompatibility between himself and his environment. Or, finding that seemingly unfounded fears and inhibitions interfere with his wishes, a person may be aware ~that the crosscurrents within himself issue from deeper sources. The more knowledge we gain of a person, the better able we are to recognize the conflicting elements that account for the symptoms, inconsistencies, and surface conflicts-and, we must add, the more confusing becomes the picture, through the number and variety of contradictions. So we are led to ask: Can there be a basic conflict underlying all these particular conflicts and originally responsible for all of them? Can one picture the structure of conflict in terms, say, of an incompatible marriage, *where an endless variety of apparently unrelated disagreements and rows over friends, 36 children, finances, mealtimes, servants, all point to some fundamental disharmony in the relationship itself? A belief in a basic conflict within the human personality is ancient and plays a prominent role in various religions and philosophies. The powers of light and darkness, of God and the devil, of good and evil are some of the ways in which this belief has been expressed. In modern psychology, Freud, on this score as on so many others, has done pioneer work. His first assumption was that the basic conflict is one between our instinctual drives, with their blind urge for satisfaction, and the forbidding environment-family and society. The forbidding environment is internalized at an early age and appears from then on as the forbidding superego. It is hardly appropriate here to discuss this concept with the seriousness it deserves. That would require a recapitulation of all the arguments that have been raised against the libido theory. Let us try rather to understand the meaning of the concept itself, even if we discard Freud’s theoretical premises. What remains, then, is the contention that the opposition between primitive egocentric drives and our forbidding conscience is the basic source of our manifold conflicts. As will be seen later, I, too, attribute to this opposition -or what is roughly comparable to it in my way of thinking-a significant place in the structure of neuroses. What I dispute is its basic nature. My belief is that though it is a major conflict, it is secondary and arises of necessity durling the development of a neurosis. The reasons for this refutation will become apparent , 37 later on. Just this one argument here: I do not believe that any conflict between desires and fears could ever account for the extent to which a neurotic is divided within himself and for an outcome so detrimental that it can actually ruin a person’s life. A psychic situation such as Freud postulates would imply that a neurotic retains the capacity to strive for something wholeheartedly, that he merely is frustrated in these strivings by the blocking action of fears. lAs I see it, the source of the conflict revolves around the neurotic’s loss of capacity to wish for anything wholeheartedly because his very wishes are divided, that is, go in opposite directions.’ This would constitute a much more serious condition indeed than the one Freud visualized. In spite of the fact that I consider the fundamental conflict more disruptive than Freud does, my view of the possibility of an eventual solution is more positive than his. According to Freud, the basic conflict is universal and in principle cannot be resolved: all that can be done is to arrive at better compromises or at better control. According to my view, the basic neurotic conflict does not necessarily have to arise in the first place and is possible of resolution if it does arise-provided the sufferer is willing to undergo the considerable effort and hardship involved. This difference is not a matter of optimism or pessimism but inevitably results from the difference in our premises. ————— Freud’s later answer to the question of a basic conflict is philosophically quite appealing. Again setting 1 Cf. [1]Franz Alexander, “The Relation of Structural and Instinctual Conflicts,” Psychoanalytic Quarterly, Vol. XI, No. 2, April, 1933. 38 ————- aside the various implications of his line of thought, his theory of a “life” and “death” instinct boils down to a conflict between constructive and destructive forces in human beings. Freud himself was less interested in bringing this concept to bear on conflicts than he was in the way the two forces are alloyed. He saw the possibility, for instance, of explaining masochistic and sadistic drives as a fusion between sexual and destructive instincts. To apply this concept to the study of conflicts would have required the introduction of moral values. These, however, were to Freud illicit intruders in the realm of science. In line with his convictions, he strove to develop a psychology devoid of moral values. I believe that this very attempt to be “scientific” in the sense of the natural sciences is one of the more cogent reasons ( why Freud’s theories and the therapy based on them are confined within too narrow channels. More specifically, it seems to have contributed to his failure to appreciate the role of conflicts in neurosis, despite his extensive work in this field. Jung also placed considerable emphasis on the opposing tendencies in human beings. Indeed he was so impressed with the contradictions at work in the individual that he took it to be a general law that the presence of any element would of necessity indicate the presence also of its opposite. An outward femininity implied an inward masculinity; a surface extraversion, a concealed introversion; an outward preponderance of thinking and reasoning, an inner preponderance of feeling, and so on. Up to this point it would appear that Jung regarded conflicts as an essential feature of neu- 39 rosis. However, he goes on to say that these opposites are not conflicting but complementary-the goal is to accept both and thereby approximate the ideal of wholeness. `To him the neurotic is a person who has been stranded in a one-sided development.Jung formulated these concepts in what he called the law of complements. Now I, too, recognize that the opposing tendencies contain complementary elements neither of which can be dispensed with in an integrated personality. But in my opinion these are already outgrowths of neurotic conflicts and are so tenaciously adhered to because they represent attempts at solution. If, for instance, we regard a tendency toward being introspective, withdrawn, more concerned with one’s own feelings, thoughts, or imagination than with other persons’ as an authentic inclination-that is, constitutionally established and reinforced by experience-then Jung’s reasoning would be correct. The effective therapeutic procedure would be to show the person his hidden “extravert” tendencies, to point out the dangers of one-sidedness in either direction, and encourage him to accept and live out both tendencies. If, however, we look upon introversion (or, as I prefer to call it, neurotic detachment) as a means of evading conflicts that arise in close contact with others, the task is not to encourage more extraversion but to analyze the underlying conflicts. The goal of wholeheartedness can be approximated only after these have been resolved. Proceeding now to evolve my own position, I see the basic conflict of the neurotic in the fundamentally contradictory attitudes he has acquired toward other per- 40 sons. Before going into detail, let me call attention to the dramatization of such a contradiction in the story of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. We see him on the one hand delicate, sensitive, sympathetic, helpful, and on the other brutal, callous, and egotistical. I do not, of course, mean to imply that neurotic division always adheres to the precise line of this story, but merely to point to a vivid expression of basic incompatibility of attitudes in relation to others. To approach the problem genetically we must go . back to what I have called basic anxiety,2 meaning by this the feeling a child has of being isolated and helpless in a potentially hostile world. A wide range of adverse factors in the environment can produce this insecurity in a child: direct or indirect domination, indifference, erratic behavior, lack of respect for the child’s individual needs, lack of real guidance, disparaging attitudes, too much admiration or the absence of it, lack of reliable warmth, having to take sides in parental disagreements, too much or too little responsibility, overprotection, isolation from other children, injustice, discrimination, unkept promises, hostile atmosphere, and so on and so on. The only factor to which I should like to draw special attention in this context is the child’s sense of lurking hypocrisy in the environment: his feeling that the parents’ love, their Christian charity, honesty, generosity, and so on may be only pretense. Part of what the child feels on this score is really hypocrisy; but some of it may be just his reaction to all the contradictions he 4————– [2] Karen Horney, The Neurotic Personality of Our Time, W. W. Norton, 1937. ———– 41 senses in the parents’ behavior. Usually, however, there is a combination of cramping factors. They may be out in the open or quite hidden, so that in analysis one can only gradually recognize these influences on the child’s development. Harassed by these disturbing conditions, the child gropes for ways to keep going, ways to cope with this menacing world. Despite his own weakness and fears he unconsciously shapes his tactics to meet the particular forces operating in his environment. In doing so, he develops not only ad hoc strategies but lasting char acter trends which become part of his personality. I have called these “neurotic trends.” If we want to see how conflicts develop, we must not focus too sharply on the individual trends but rather take a panoramic view of the main directions in which a child can and does move under these circumstances. Though we lose sight for a while of details we shall gain a clearer perspective of the essential moves made to cope with the environment. At first a rather chaotic picture may present itself, but out of it in time three main lines crystallize: a child can move toward people, against them, or away from them. When moving toward people he accepts his own helplessness, and in spite of his estrangement and fears triesto win the affection of others and to lean on them. Only in this way can he feel safe with them. If there are dissenting parties in the family, he will attach himself to the most powerful person or group. By complying with them, he gains a feeling of belonging and support which makes him feel less weak and less isolated. When he moves against people he accepts and takes 42 for granted the hostility around him, and determines, consciously or unconsciously, to fight. He implicitly distrusts the feelings and intentions of others toward himself. He rebels in whatever ways are open to him. He wants to be the stronger and defeat them, partly for his own protection, partly for revenge. When he moves away from people he wants neither to belong nor to fight, but keeps apart. He feels he has , not much in common with them, they do not understand him anyhow. He builds up a world of his ownwith nature, with his dolls, his books, his dreams. In each of these three attitudes, one of the elements involved in basic anxiety is overemphasized: helplessness in the first, hostility in the second, and isolation in the third. But the fact is that the child cannot make any one of these moves wholeheartedly, because under the conditions in which the attitudes develop, all are bound to be present. What we have seen from our panoramic view is only the predominant move. That this is so will become evident if we jump ahead now to the fully developed neurosis. We all know adults in whom one of the attitudes we have sketched stands out. But we can see, too, that his other tendencies have not ceased to operate. In a predominantly leaning and complying type we can observe aggressive propensities and some need for detachment. A predominantly hostile person has a compliant strain and needs detachment too. And a detached personality is not without hostility or a desire for affection. The predominant attitude, however, is the one that most strongly determines actual conduct. It represents those ways and means of coping with others in which 43 the particular person feels most at home. Thus a detached person will as a matter of course use all the unconscious techniques for keeping others at a safe dlistance because he feels at a loss in any situation that requires close association with them. Moreover, the ascendant attitude is often but not always the one most acceptable to the person’s conscious mind. This does not mean that the less conspicuous attitudes are less powerful. It would often be difficult to say, for instance, whether in an apparently dependent, compliant person the wish to dominate is of inferior intensity to the need for affection; his ways of expressing his aggressive impulses are merely more indirect. That the potency of the submerged tendencies may be very great is evidenced by the many instances in which the attitude accorded predominance is reversed. We can see such reversai in children, but it occurs in later life as well. Strickland in Somerset Maugham’s The Moon and Sixpence would be a good illustration. Case histories of women often reveal this kind of change. A girl formerly tomboyish, ambitious, rebellious, when she falls in love may turn into a compliant, dependent woman, apparently without ambition. Or, under pressure of crushing experiences, a detached person may become morbidly dependent. Changes like these, it should be added, throw some light on the frequent question whether later experience counts for nothing, whether we are definitely channeled, conditioned once and for all, by our childhood situation. Looking at neurotic development from the point of view of conflicts enables us to give a .more adequate answer than is usually offered. These are the possibili- 44 ties: If the early situation is not too prohibitive of spontaneous growth, later experiences, particularly in adolescence, can have a molding influence. If, however, the impact of early experiences has been powerful enough to have molded the child to a rigid pattern, no new experience will be able to break through. In part this is because his rigidity does not leave him open to any new experience: his detachment, for instance, may be too great to permit of anyone’s coming close to him, or his dependence so deep-rooted that he is forced always to play a subordinate role and invite exploitation. In part it is because he will interpret any new experience in the language of his established pattern: the aggressive type, for instance, meeting with friendliness, will view it either as a manifestation of stupidity or an attempt to exploit him; the new experience will tend only to reinforce the old the When a neurotic does adopt a different attitude it may look as if later experiences had brought about a change in personality. However, the change is not as radical as it appears. Actually what has happened is that combined internal and external pressures have forced him to abandon his predominant attitude in favor of the other extreme-but this change would not have taken place if there had been no conflicts to begin with. From the point of view of the normal person there is . no reason why the three attitudes should be mutually exclusive. One should be capable of giving in to others, ,’of fighting, and of keeping to oneself. The three can complement each other and make for a harmonious 45 whole. If one predominates, it merely indicates an overdevelopment along one line. But in neurosis there are several reasons why these attitudes are irreconcilable. The neurotic is not flexible; he is driven to comply, to fight, to be aloof, regardless of whether the move is appropriate in the particular circumstance, and he is thrown into a panic if he bei haves otherwise. Hence when all three attitudes are present in any strong degree, he is bound to be caught n a severe conflict. Another factor, and one that considerably widens the scope of the conflict, is that the attitudes do not remain restricted to the area of human relationships but gradually pervade the entire personality, as a malignant tumor pervades the whole organic tissue. They end by encompassing not only the person’s relation to others but also his relation to himself and to life in general. If we are not fully aware of this all-embracing character, the temptation is to think of the resulting conflict in categorical terms, like love versus hate, compliance versus defiance, submissiveness versus domination, and so on. That, however, would be as misleading as to distinguish fascism from democracy by focusing on any single opposing feature, such as their difference in approach to religion or power. These are differences certainly, but exclusive emphasis upon them would serve to obscure the point that democracy and fascism are worlds apart and represent two philosophies of life entirely incompatible with each other. It is not accidental that a conflict that starts with our relation to others in time affects the whole personality. Human relationships are so crucial that they are bound 46 to mold the qualities we develop, the goals we set for ourselves, the values we believe in. All these in turn react upon our relations with others and so are inextricably interwoven. My contention is that the conflict born of incompatible attitudes constitutes the core of neurosis and therefore deserves to be called basic. And let me add that I use the term core not merely in the figurative sense of its being significant but to emphasize the fact that it is the dynamic center from which neuroses emanate. This contention is the nucleus of a new theory of neurosis whose implications will become apparent in what follows. Broadly considered, the theory may be viewed as an elaboration of my earlier concept that neuroses are an expression of a disturbance in human relationships . ————- [3] Since the relation to others and the attitude toward the self cannot be separated from one another, the contention occasionally to be found in psychiatric publications, that one or the other of these is the most important factor in theory and practice, is not tenable. ———– [4] This concept was first presented in The Neurotic Personality of Our Time and elaborated in New Ways in Psychoanalysis and Self-Analysis. ———— 47 end ch2 Basic Conflict
Karen Horney, M.D. Psychoanalyst.
December 31, 2009
The Neurotic Needs According to Karen Horney M,D.
(Rewritten and slightly modified for today’s students and self-analysand’s, who ask, ” Is this possibly true in my case?”)
According to Karen Horney, Authority on Self-Analysis and modernized of psychoanalysis.
Neurotic needs:
Characteristically are compulsive and cause anxiety. These two
characteristics exclude them from those called normal.
The neurotic related needs partly reveal themselves by the features:
Compulsion or inhibition, repetitious occurrence and over time lead to
undesirable personal or social consequences.
“Basic anxiety is the foundation of the neurotic personality”, She
appears to be saying; –to understand neurotic symptoms or behaviors,
one needs to see what it is, that is anxiety generating. Or once in
place a neurotic need or symptom is kept there by the anxiety and
defenses connected with it.
Dr. Horney, also identifies strategies that correspond to these
neurotic needs, which neurotic overloaded persons develop to cope with
their excessive anxiety and feelings of helplessness and loneliness.
These states having been arrived at over time in connection handling
their particular neurotic needs.
Therefor those complaining of neurotic symptoms have arrived at these,
as the end product of conflicts related to one or several of these
neurotic needs or their related issues. At different times in a person’s
life different needs may be the dominant one in conflict. Dr. Horney
avoided use of the word “complex” however, a neurotic need with related
issues, sensitivities, triggers, compulsions and the power to generate
defenses and anxiety could understandably be called a personal complex.
Karen Horney first listed these 10 “neurotic needs” in Self-Analysis,
1942, pp. 51-56.and modified them slightly in later works.
#1
The neurotic need for affection and approval (see her early work “The
Neurotic Personality of Our Time”, Chapter 6,
Here the normal on the need for affection becomes neurotic when it
becomes dominant, excessive, compulsive, repetitious ).
Of course, many variations and modes of expression exist that are not
sexual, (The openly sexual neurotic needs we can approach better when
understand how the smaller neurotic needs operate.)
For example: Such, a lessor part of this meed for some might be an
indiscriminate need to please others and to be liked and approved of by
others.
Smoother nay seem driven compulsively to living up to the expectations
of others and submerging their own beliefs.
There are others, for whom, the need for affection focuses overly on
the cues and emotional signals and even the belief and ideals of their
significant others and exclude any their own,
In some cases it may be the dread of self-assertion that is becomes
formost involved as blocking a hope of satisfaction.
Clinical experience points to the handling of hostility as being a
frequent cause of disturbance in those whom the need for affection is
disturbed neurotically.
For some it is a dread of hostility on the part of others, for some
others, it is the connection to hostile feelings within self.
Few would disagree with the premise that the need for affection is
mixed into everyone’s life, but when out of hand one way or the other
deserves to be called neurotic.
#2
The neurotic need for a “partner” who will take over one’s life (see
New Ways in Psychoanalysis, Chapter 15, on masochism,)
Here normal partnering needs are overridden by a compulsively focus on
the “partner,” who is to fulfill all expectations of life and take
responsibility for good and evil, his/her successful manipulation [of
this partner] becoming the predominant task; and connected is the
[rationalized] overvaluation of “love” because “love” is supposed to
solve all problems.
The psychology of normal love much less love neurotic, is individual
and not the same for all. In some cases, it stand out that the dread of
desertion is frightening or even sometimes a dread of being on one’s own
in life are serious anxiety causing. Such dreads usually relates to
both a persons childhood experiences and the very real dangers of
separation or change in the present. To ignore such real dangers is just
as ‘neurotic’ as any over concern may be.
#3
The neurotic need to restrict one’s life within narrow borders:
This need is strongly conditioned by a personas social and life
situation, yet each one has to find a place for himself that becomes an
extension of himself. Yet for many it is clear that in there particular
case, they close off there potential for reasonable use of their
potentials do to what are mostly compulsive inhibitions and thus a
neurotic event in the life of that person.
For some this “Neurotic Need” may appear in some other substitute forms,
such as the necessity to be undemanding and contented with little, and
to restrict ambitions and wishes for material things; (a compulsion,
often overlooked item on many psychological inventories) or may exist
as a compulsive ‘necessity’ to remain inconspicuous and to take second
place; often with tendency to self-belittling their good faculties and
potentialities, with a exaggerated modesty.
For some it also connects to a compulsive urge to save rather than to
spend or even to self-sacrifice for your family. friends, country.
There Ia a type that shows a dread of making any demands. Some may
dread having to start or follow through on asserting reasonable or
clearly necessary needs and rights. Occasionally there may occur a
revolt and curious inclination reversals, which seem out of the blue.
#4
. The neurotic need for power and control: ( The Neurotic Personality
of Our Time, Chapter 10, on the need for power, prestige, and
possession): [See also A. Adler'sviews on the importance of a 'power
drive.]
Here it is, that domination over others appears to be craved for its
own sake; It may take several forms, not always obvious such as an
excessive and compulsive devotion to cause, duty, responsibility, a
maintained and open exaggerated respect for some selected model
person or an equal disrespect for ‘others’. This neurotic manipulation
uses several modes of attack aimed at discrediting these others; their
individuality, their dignity, their feelings, the only concern being
their subordination in the exchange.
Some appear to have adoration only for strength and are ready to show
contempt and loathing for any sigh of weakness in others and at times
in any weakness showing in their own self. Compulsive control issues
are common and extends even a dread of uncontrollable situations. Some
may dread anything, situating them as even momentarily helplessness.
The neurotic need to control aspect encompasses both, oneself and
others and may indirectly assert by use of reason and foresight as a
kind of comparmentalized image and role playing and thus not openly
showing the deeper domination goal. This rationalization procedure may
be useful for those who are too inhibited as to exert power directly
and openly.
Those with the power and control, neurotic striving, as domminent,
often offer a strong belief in the omnipotence of intelligence and
reason and deny the power of emotional forces and have contempt for
them in themselves as well as others. At times, they dread and reject
any recognizing of limitations to the power of reason. A feeling of
fortitude may be gained from the belief in the magic power of will
(like possession of a wishing ring as if reality itself is to change
because they wish it so.)
#5
The neurotic need to exploit others and by hook or crook get the better
of them, others are evaluated primarily according to whether or not
they can be exploited or made use of. While not every person shows this
need openly, there are some in which it permeates every thing they
think of and shapes thier behaviour.
Characteristicly these persons size on various foci of
exploitation-money (bargaining amounts, deals with passion), but extend
this inclination to aspects of profession, money, sexuality, followed
by an appearent pride in theeir exploitative skills. Not uncommonly,
from time to time, they are overtaken with a dread of being exploited
by others.
#6
The neurotic need for social recognition or prestige (may or may not be
combined with a craving for power and other neurotic needs.)
For many this is a socialy conditioned and recognized desire which
meets many blockages from ones iamage of the self within and the
standards of relality externally. Under the compulive push of the
reccognition/prestege neurotic need ,secondary things take on
exagerated value-partly inanimate objects, money, clothers, cars even
selected pretege reresenting persons. Sometimes it also siezes on very
inflated valuing of one’s own qualities, activities, and feelings. With
the result that everything becomes evaluated and accpted according to
their prestige enhansing values.
Some may turn to rebellious or do exagerated ways of inciting
attention, envy or admiration. Some ovver-eacting aspects may be
triggered by when these values are challenged. The concepts of losing
face, , status, suffering any humiliation or insult takes on an
exagerated obcessional quality,
#7
The neurotic need for personal admiration: Inflated image of self
(narcissism); This neurotic need for personal admiration to recognizing
it and separate it from parts of need #6 above, one has to here
recognixe the dominance is not of things external per se, but dominace
from the very core of neurotic personality. {In Dr. Horney’s View THE
GLOIFIED SELF IMAGE}
It is not the need to be admired for what one possesses or presents in
the public eye but for the imagined self.
It is self-evaluation and self navigation dependent on living up to
this ‘Glorifed’image and thesearh for glory has at main purpose, the
admiration of it by others;
Dread of losing admiration. Here the triggers to humiliation can be
diverse and set off by very some and unintented slights or even
compliments that fail to carry desired key words).
#8
he neurotic ambition for personal achievement: Need to surpass others
not through what one presents or is but through one’s activities;The
need stands our from normal competive encourament common to industrial
socieies in that moven from a practical and resonable intention to
being a dominent need where
a preson’s self-evaluation is dependent on being not only on being
adiquate in his chosen obectives
but compulsivly uses this mode of self-evaluation in place of noram;
ballanced handling and coping modes. than any other, and extends it to
use as near universal in his way of thinking and feeling,
His standards require he be the very best-lover, sportsman, writer,
worker-(particularly in his own mind and not necisariily in fact), The
recognition by others being vital to him, and its absence is strongly
resented.
Over time the misdirection and frusttion caused by the tendency will
trigger reaction formation, such as a mixture of destructive
tendencies, toward the defeat of others, alienation or self lothing
In time the relentless driving of self to greater achievements, though
with it’s acompaning pervasive anxiety may cause a self-made inner
shift to realistic accomidation or failinf this a breakdown.
#9
The neurotic need for self-sufficiency and independence:
Some aspects of the need touches the other dominent neurotic needs.
Those whom have it a their dom inent need generally are aware that
something is not right in respect to how the relate to others. The
diletic issues most people navigate with compromise and adaptation such
as issues of complance, bonding to significant others. loyalty appear
to be sidesptepped or compulsivly avoided. Their phlyosophy seems to
bel It is necessity never to need anybody, or to yield to any
influence, or to be tied down to anything, any closeness involving the
danger of enslavement; Distance and separateness the only source of
security; Dread of needing others, of ties, of closeness, of love.
#10
The neurotic need for perfection and unassailability. Certainly the
perfection tendency, when full blown makes life difficult for this type
and any who are close to them. When you add the defensive attitude as
equally dominant - the one of unassailability, this type defines itself
as type.
(see New Ways in Psychoanalysis, Chapter 13, on the super-ego, and
Freud’s description of a ‘harsh
super-ego”
Here the overdrive for a relentless pursuit for perfection overrides
and may indeed hite other important personality features normal and
neurotic. The self-analyst in particular may have difficulty getting
past this domination and moving on to productive content. This analytic
impasse generally takes the form of a persitent rumination and
self-recriminations regarding possible flaws that may have been
overlord or improperly analyzed or given a flawed interpretation. These
self-analysand excell at this resistance to their w satisfaction, of
course.
Whenever the issue seems to relate to one’s feelings of superiority
over others, it is because of being so perfect, there is the dread of
finding flaws within self or of making mistakes, of receiving criticism
or reproach, that cuts away at his glorified self image.
Note: In this rewrite I may have put Dr. Horney’s list through
distortions she would have objected to. Never the less I excuse myself
because the revised list will be more useful to today’s self-analysts.
The words “Neurotic” and “Conflict” are not DSM IV terms, nevertheless
to avoid using them, one has to draw together longer combinations of
words or ignore historic usage.
–Chirobut
Later: Neurotic Things- Pride, Glory, Your should’s, Repression, Basic
Conflicts, Anxiety.
fateanalysisguy@gmail.com
Rewritten with appology to Dr. Horney 12-31-09
The Neurotic Needs According to Karen Horney M,D.|
fateanaltsisguy@gmail,com Put “Neurotic Needs” in the subject. It is till open the re-write and if you can say it better let me know. Also, calling certain neurotic inclinations, “needs” may be misleading or even semantic wrong. How about calling them “micro-complexes or “crappy adjustment causers”. –Chrirobut
|
March 6, 2009
The battle between Freudian psychoanalysis and Jungian complex psychology has not yet ended
It is as if, there are three pools of the unconscious –Most mental therapy systems fail because they do not reach and reset all three.
One needs to note that in the Americas the battle is mainly one of the cognitive schools against those schools than embrace and emphasize the unconscious as being the main determinate in mental life, symptoms and maladjustment. It is no longer fashionable to add quotes from Freud or Jung, much less the idiosyncratic, Prof. Szondi.
December 4, 2008
coping
#
Search Wordpress for Blogs outside of the commercial ones. Some these guys use the ‘f–’ word so rate it PG 13Put in key words and watch the results.[HERE] |
Coping is the next thing to participation in the life of everyone.
I cope, you cope, We all must cope.
Dr. Szondi in his teaching of a theory of the fates of humans sets coping within the unique organ of the mind, we call the aware self, he preferred the German word “EGO” used as in- “me, myself and I” This sounds a little clunky to English usage conditioned ears. Those who come here from the reading of Freud may feel they have a grasp on this usage. They may be jolted a little to find out that they are now asked to consider that Freud’s view of the Ego was only a starting point. That the Ego is much more than one functional thing. Its role in coping events and strategies of a person trying to copes requires us to look at it from the viewpoint rhat happens to the Ego when some perilous demand impacts the Ego. Szondi by means of his Szondi Genic Test, a projective test produceing data that showed the empitrical clinical facts about particular cases, in which the Ego regressed, as if, moved to a developmentally older Ego and the mode of coping that was once appropirate for the person in childhood but not so as an adult!
Coping as an ordinary event draws on the persons customary modes of Ego handing in respect to the everyday levels of demands or stresses, which might call for a certain amount of his Ego to be devoted to dealing with the events requiring some coping activity with in oneself.
A mental move to override or make the best of some situation going on that now one would prefer to be different than it is a common example.
Thus a person put into a room of unruly children may find the effect very unpleasant and automatically seeks to cope with this. A more taxing demand on ones power to cope comes in response to a death or divorce situation in respect to a loved one. And in the case of hate charged divorce and the spillover of the conflict to the child custody agreement, consider what failed coping means adults acting at the mind level of infants. Failure to cope is one of the more common reasons people offer, as to why they believe they need to self-analyze,
There are many reasons why you might want to self-analyze yourself , safely on your own, without any therapist, auditor or other person or even mechanical device at all. It takes a small amount of new learning to do so. Once put into practice. It lets you help yourself with an effective method, not pills, religion, or Yoga. |
If this is of interest to you, contact fateanalysisguy@ gmail.com and you will be sent a password to open a private page with free test and instructions to get you started. |
December 3, 2008
[fate] is root word in fateanalysis
fate
Synonyms · Synonyms · Telecom Definition · Usage Examples · Quotes
fate Definition
fate (fat)
noun
the power or agency supposed to determine the outcome of events before they occur; destiny
something inevitable, supposedly determined by this power
what happens or has happened to a person or entity; lot; fortune
final outcome
death; destruction; doom
any of the three Fates
Etymology: ME < L fatum, prophetic declaration, oracle < neut. pp. of fari, to speak: see fame
transitive verb fated fat’ed, fating fat’·ing
to destine: now usually in the passive
fate Synonyms
fate
n.
The predetermined course of events
destiny, fortune, destination, luck, predetermination, predestination; see also destiny 1.
A personal destiny
lot, fortune, portion, doom, destiny, destined lot, end, future, prospect, outcome; see also doom 1.
fate refers to the inevitability of a course of events as supposedly predetermined by a god or other agency beyond human control; destiny also refers to an inevitable succession of events as determined supernaturally or by necessity, but often implies a favorable outcome it was her destiny to become famous; portion and lot refer to what is supposedly distributed in the determining of fate, but portion implies an equitable apportionment and lot implies a random assignment; doom always connotes an unfavorable or disastrous fate
Fate Synonyms
Fate
n.
destiny, Nemesis, the Fates, the Weird Sisters, Parcae, the Norns, the three sisters; Clotho, Lachesis, and Atropos.
FATE (Frame-based ATM Transport over Ethernet) Telecom Definition
A specification from the ATM Forum (February 2000 and July 2002) that allows ATM Adaptation Layer Type 5 (AAL5) services to be provided over Ethernet by transporting ATM data within an Ethernet frame. FATE has particular application in the context of an ATM-based ADSL environment interfacing to an Ethernet local area network (LAN) through a switch or hub on the customer premises. See also AAL5, ADSL, ATM, ATM Forum, Ethernet, hub, LAN, and switch.
Fate Usage Examples
Preposition: of
mankind: What did Enlil do in order to decide the fate of mankind?
contaminant: In this way the role of adsorption in the transport and fate of the contaminants can be directly assessed.
pollutant: Better results about the fate of pollutants in the atmosphere will be obtained using a mobile laboratory developed by Dr. Paul Seakins in chemistry.
universe: A realm where monsters wield unimaginable power and the fate of the universe is held together by seven magical wands.
DNA: Fate of free DNA and transformation of the oral bacterium Streptococcus gordonii DL1 by plasmid DNA in human saliva.
million: But the fate of millions of animals was decided on a trick of parliamentary procedure.
Converse of object
tempt: Don’t tempt fate by using computers during a local electrical storm.
suffer: Onions have suffered a similar fate with prices up to eight times normal.
decide: Its also where OUCC has an annual meeting to decide the fate of next year’s expedition.
seal: His desire for airfields near Norway sealed the fate of Denmark which became another target.
decree: Indeed they would not have been unworthy victors had fate decreed otherwise.
escape: Where is the soul that has escaped the fate of hell through the efficacy of faith in Jesus?
Adjective modifier
tempting: It was thought to be tempting fate to a certain extent.
tragic: He kept threading possible scenarios about Emily’s tragic fate through his mind’s eye.
cruel: This seems a very cruel fate for an innocent, harmless sheet of paper.
eventual: Norfolk Chronicle - 11th July 1863 The mill’s eventual fate seems to have been a removal and conversion to drainage use.
ultimate: Chaplin is perhaps unique in film history in having taken such control over the ultimate fate of his work.
grisly: His son Robert also fought at Flodden, and had an equally grisly fate.
Modifies a noun
determination: Our group is interested in nuclear reprogramming and cell fate determination by signal factors in amphibian development.
Noun used with modifier
cell: This approach should lead to a more complete description of the dynamics of cell fate in the mouse.
fate Quotes
Thus our twin souls in one shall grow, And teach the world new love, Redeem the age and sex, and show A flame fate dares not move: And courting death to be our friend, Our lives, together too, shall end.
—Philips, Katherine ne¤ e Fowler
Necessity and chance Approach not me, and what I will is fate.
—Milton,John
Faber est suae quisque fortunae. Each man is the architect of his own fate.
—Claudius Caecus, Appius
I have a bone to pick with Fate. Come here and tell me, girlie, Do you think my mind is maturing late, Or simply rotted early?
—Nash, (Frederic) Ogden
Pro captu lectoris habent sua fata libelli. Depending on the reception of the reader, books have their own fate.
—Terentianus Maurus 2/3c
Thou, too, sail on,O Ship of State! Sail on,O UNION, strong and great! Humanity with all its fears, With all the hopes of future years, Is hanging breathless on thy fate!
—Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth
The whore and gambler, by the state Licensed build that nation’s fate. The harlot’s cry from street to street Shall weave old England’s winding sheet.
—Blake,William
But ah, who can deceive his destiny, Or ween by warning to avoid his fate?
—Spenser, Edmund
Whatever maydivideus,Europe is ourcommonhome. A common fate has linked us through the centuries, and it continues to link us today.
—Brezhnev, Leonid Ilyich
Miniver Cheevy, born too late, Scratched his head and kept on thinking; Miniver coughed, and called it fate, And kept on drinking.
—Robinson, Edwin Arlington
It isthe customary fate of new truthsto begin as heresies and to end as superstitions.
—Huxley,T(homas) H(enry)
Procul omen abesto! Far away be that fate!
—Ovid full name Publius OvidiusNaso 4317
It has beenour fateas a nation notto have ideologies but to be one.
—Hofstadter, Richard
Serenely full, the epicure would say, ‘Fate cannot harm me, I have dined today.’
—Smith, Rev Sydney
Many men would take the death sentence without a whimper to escape the life-sentence which fate carries in her other hand.
—Arabia
In Baxter’s view, the care of external goods should only lie on the shoulders of the’saint like a light cloak, which can be thrown aside at any moment.’ But fate decreed that the cloak should become an iron cage.
—Weber, Max
G×th a wyrd swa hio scel. Fate always goes as it must.
—Anonymous
For by the will of the gods Fate hath held sway since ancient days.
—Aeschylus
I wake to sleep, and take my waking slow. I feel my fate in what I cannot fear. I learn by going where I have to go.
—Rogers,Will
The fate of human civilization will depend on whether the rockets of the future carry the astronomer’s telescope or a hydrogen bomb.
—Lovell, Sir (Alfred Charles) Bernard
The fate of poetry isto fall in love with the world, in spite of History.
—Walcott, Derek Alton
Wyrd oft nereth unf×gne eorl thonne his ellen deah. Fate often preserves the undoomed warrior when his courage holds firm.
—Anonymous
Upon the education of the people of this country the fate of this country depends.
—Disraeli, Benjamin, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield
It is the fate of those who toil at the lower employments of life?to be exposed to censure, without hope of praise; to be disgraced by miscarriage or punished for neglect? Among these unhappy mortals isthe writer of dictionaries? Every other author mayaspire to praise; the lexicographer can only hope to escape reproach.
—Johnson, Samuel known as Dr Johnson
The time is now near at hand which must probably determine whether Americans are to be freemen or slaves? The fate of unborn millions will now depend, under God, on the courage and conduct of this army.Our cruel and unrelenting enemy leaves us only the choice of brave resistance or abject submission.We have, therefore, to resolve to conquer or die.
—Washington, BookerTaliaferro
As lines so loves oblique may well Themselves in every angle greet But ours so truly parallel, Though infinite can never meet. Therefore the love which doth us bind, But fate so enviously debars, Is the conjunction of the mind, And opposition of the stars.
—Marvell, Andrew
Fate’s such a shrewish thing.
—Chapman, George
Fate,Time,Occasion,Chance, and Change? To these All things are subject but eternal love.
—Shelley, Percy Bysshe
Fate tried to conceal him by calling him Smith.
—Holmes, Oliver Wendell
Fate wrote her a most tremendous tragedy, and she played it in tights.
—Beerbohm, Sir (Henry) Max(imilian)
He either fears his fate too much, Or his deserts are small, That dares not put it to the touch, To gain or lose it all.
—Montrose,James Graham, 1st Marquis of
For those whom God to ruin has designed, He fits for fate, and first destroys their mind.
—Dryden,John
For all we have and are, For all our children’s fate, Stand up and take the war. The Hun is at the gate!
—Kipling, (Joseph) Rudyard
Arms, and the man I sing, who, forced by fate, And haughty Juno’s unrelenting hate, Expelled and exiled, left theTrojan shore.
—Dryden,John
Who will remember, passing through this Gate, The unheroic Dead who fed the guns? Who shall absolve the foulness of their fate,ö Those doomed, conscripted, unvictorious ones?
—Sassoon, Siegfried Louvain
Few evade full measure of their fate.
—Crane, (Harold) Hart
Le Bonheur e¤ tait ma fatalite¤ , mon remords, mon ver: ma vie serait toujours trop immense pour e” tre de¤ voue¤ e a’ la force et a’ la beaute¤ . Happiness was my fate, my remorse, my worm: my life would always be too large to be dedicated to force and to beauty.
—Rimbaud, (Jean Nicolas) Arthur
Verse thus design’d has no ill fate, If it arrive but at the date Of fading beauty, if it prove But as long-liv’d as present love.
—Waller, Edmund
Why, I hold fate Clasped in my fist, and could command the course Of time’s eternal motion, hadst thou been One thought more steady than an ebbing sea.
—Ford,John
I could never begin a poem: ‘When I am dead’ In case it tempted Fate, and Fate gave way.
—McGough, Roger
It’s a complex fate, being an American, and one of the responsibilitiesitentailsisfighting against a superstitious valuation of Europe.
—James, Henry
Books and the Man I sing, the first who brings The Smithfield Muses to the Ear of Kings. Say great Patricians! (since your selves inspire These wond’rous works; so Jove and Fate require) Say from what cause, in vain decry’d and curst, Still Dunce the second reigns like Dunce the first?
—Pope, Alexander
Beyond the limits of a vulgar fate, Beneath the good how faröbut far above the great.
—Gray,Thomas
There lies the port; the vessel, puffs her sail: There gloom the dark broad seas. My mariners, Souls that have toiled, and wrought, and thought with meö That ever with a frolic welcome took The thunder and the sunshine, and opposed Free hearts, free foreheadsöyou and I are old: Old age hath yet his honour and his toil; Death closes all: but something ere the end, Some work of noble note, may yet be done, Not unbecoming men that strove with gods. The lights begin to twinkle from the rocks: The long day wanes: the slow moon climbs: the deep Moans round with many voices.Come, my friends, ‘Tis not too late to seek a newer world. Push off, and sitting well in order smite The sounding furrows: for my purpose holds To sail beyond the sunset, and the baths Of all the western stars, until I die. It may be that the gulfs will wash us down: It may be we shall touch the Happy Isles, And see the great Achilles, whom we knew. Though much is taken, much abides: and though We are not now that strength which in old days Moved earth and hearth: that which we are, we are: One equal temper of heroic hearts, Made weak by time and fate, but strong in will To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield.
—Tennyson
We may become the makers of our fate when we have ceased to pose as its prophets.
—Popper, Sir Karl Raimund
For man is man and master of his fate.
—Tennyson
It matters not how strait the gate, How charged with punishments the scroll, I am the master of my fate: I am the captain of my soul.
—Henley,W(illiam) E(rnest)
But what care I? It’s the game that calls meö Simply to be on the field of play; How can it matter what fate befalls me, With ten good fellows and one good day!
—Milne, A(lan) A(lexander)
I know that I shall meet my fate Somewhere among the clouds above; Those that I fight I do not hate, Those that I guard I do not love.
—Yeats,W(illiam) B(utler)
The best of men cannot suspend their fate: The good die early, and the bad die late.
—Defoe, Daniel
Beneath the stars, upon yon meteor Ever hung my fate,’mongst things corruptible; I ne’er could pluck it from him. My loathing Was prophet to the rest, but ne’er believed.
—Middleton,Thomas
Who fears to speak of Ninety-Eight? Who blushes at the name? When cowards mock the patriot’s fate, Who hangs his head for shame? He’s all a knave or half a slave Who slights his country thus: But a true man, like you, man, Will fill your glass with us.
—Ingram,John Kells
What is a modern poet’s fate? To write his thoughts upon a slate; The critic spits on what is done, Gives it a wipeöand all isgone.
—Honorius of Autun
There has fallen a splendid tear From the passion-flower at the gate. She is coming, my dove, my dear; She is coming, my life, my fate; The red rose cries,’She is near, she is near;’ And the white rose weeps,’She is late;’ The larkspur listens,’I hear, I hear;’ And the lily whispers,’I wait.’ She is coming, my own, my sweet; Were it ever so airya tread, My heart would hear her and beat, Were it earth in an earthy bed; My dust would hear her and beat; Had I lain for a century dead; Would start and tremble under her feet, And blossom in purple and red.
—Tennyson
The glories of our blood and state Are shadows, not substantial things; There is no armour against fate; Death lays his icy hand on kings: Scepter and crown Must tumble down, And in the dust be equal made With the poor crooked scythe and spade.
—Shirley,James
Il n’est pas de destin que ne se surmonte par le me¤ pris. There is no fate that cannot be surmounted by scorn.
—Camus, Albert
Yet they, believe me, who await No gifts from chance, have conquered fate.
—Arnold, Matthew
Such is our pride, our folly, or our fate, That few, but such as cannot write, translate.
—Denham, SirJohn
La politique et le sort des hommes sont forme¤ s par des hommes sans ide¤ al et sans grandeur. Ceux qui ont une grandeur en eux ne font pas de politique. Politics and the fate of mankind are shaped by men without ideals and without greatness. Those who have greatness within them do not go in for politics.
—Camus, Albert
For money has a power above The stars and fate, to manage love.
—Butler, Samuel
This is the voice of high midsummer’s heat. The rasping vibrant clamour soars and shrills O’er all the meadowy range of shadeless hills, As if a host of giant cicadae beat The cymbals of their wings with tireless feet, Or brazen grasshoppers with triumphing note From the long swath proclaimed the fate that smote The clover and timothy-tops and meadowsweet.
—Roberts, Sir Charles George Douglas
Will you be a reader, a student merely, or a seer? Read your fate, seewhat isbefore you, and walkon intofuturity.
—Thoreau, Henry David
What I have left is from my native spring; I’ve still a heart that swells, in scorn of fate, And lifts me to my banks.
—Dryden,John
We have been too comfortable and too indulgentömany, perhaps, too selfishöand the stern hand of fatehasscoured ustoan elevationwhere we can see the great everlasting things that matter for a nation; the great peaks we had forgotten, of honour, duty, patriotism, and, clad in glittering white, the great pinnacle of sacrifice pointing like a rugged finger to Heaven.We shall descend into the valleys again, but as long as men and women of thisgeneration last, they will carry in their hearts the image of those great mountain peaks, whose foundations are not shaken, though Europe rock and sway in the convulsions of a great war.
—Lloyd George (of Dwyfor), David, 1st Earl
Must helpless man, in ignorance sedate, Roll darkling down the torrent of his fate?
—Johnson, Samuel known as Dr Johnson
All human things are subject to decay, And, when fate summons, monarchs must obey.
—Dryden,John
To each his suff’rings, all are men, Condemned alike to groan; The tender for another’s pain, Th’unfeeling for his own. Yet ah! why should they know their fate? Since sorrow never comes too late, And happiness too swiftly flies. Thought would destroy their paradise. No more; where ignorance is bliss, ‘Tis folly to be wise.
—Gray,Thomas
It lies not in our power to love, or hate, For will in us is overruled by fate. When two are stripped, lo ere the course begin We wish that one should lose, the other win; And one especially do we affect Of two gold ingots, like in each respect. The reason no man knows, let it suffice, What we behold is censured by our eyes. Where both deliberate, the love is slight; Who ever loved, that loved not at first sight?
—Marlowe, Christopher
Space-ships and time machines are no escape from the human condition. Let Othello subject Desdemona to a lie-detector test; his jealousy will still blind him to the evidence. Let Oedipus triumph over gravity; he won’t triumph over his fate.
—Koestler, Arthur
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Webster’s New World College Dictionary
Copyright © 2005 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio.
Webster’s New World Hacker Dictionary
Copyright © 2006 by Bernadette Schell and Clemens Martin.
Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana.
Webster’s New World Telecom Dictionary
Copyright © 2008 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana.
Webster’s New World Roget’s A-Z Thesaurus
Copyright © 1999 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio.
Webster’s New World Finance and Investment Dictionary
Copyright © 2003 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana.
Webster’s New World Law Dictionary
Copyright © 2006 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.
Used by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The word usage examples above have been gathered from various sources to reflect current and historical usage.
They do not represent the opinions of YourDictionary.com.
© 1996-2008 LoveToKnow, Corp. All Rights Reserved. Audio pronunciation provided by LoveToKnow, Corp.
October 9, 2008
[REVIEW] DSM IV– Is ‘Normal’ just a balanced mixture or- is ‘Abnormal’ just exaggerated normal?
Is ‘Normal’ just a balanced mixture or- is ‘Abnormal’ just exaggerated normal? Read Summary just below and consider the posability—-
Review DSM IV…..
| DSM-IV Multiaxial System |
| Disoders Diagnostic CriteriaDSM-IV Diagnoses and Codes - Alphabetical DSM-IV Diagnoses and Codes - Numerical |
| Axis I: Clinical Disorders, most V-Codes, and conditions that need Clinical attention (and for most readers the main interest.) Diagnosis Flow Charts. Axis II: Personality Disorders and Mental Retardation. Axis III: General Medical Conditions. Axis IV: Psychosocial and Environmental Problems.(Much of today’s theoretics are focused here.) Axis V: Global Assessment of Functioning Scale. |
| The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is the standard classification of mental disorders used by mental health professionals in the United States. It is intended to be applicable in a wide array of contexts and used by clinicians and researchers of many different orientations (e.g., biological, psychodynamic, cognitive, behavioral, interpersonal, family/systems). DSM-IV has been designed for use across settings, inpatient, outpatient, partial hospital, consultation-liaison, clinic, private practice, and primary care, and with community populations and by psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, nurses, occupational and rehabilitation therapists, counselors, and other health and mental health professionals. It is also a necessary tool for collecting and communicating accurate public health statistics. The DSM consists of three major components: the diagnostic classification, the diagnostic criteria sets, and the descriptive text.The diagnostic classification is the list of the mental disorders that are officially part of the DSM system. “Making a DSM diagnosis” consists of selecting those disorders from the classification that best reflect the signs and symptoms that are afflicting the individual being evaluated. Associated with each diagnostic label is a diagnostic code, which is typically used by institutions and agencies for data collection and billing purposes. These diagnostic codes are derived from the coding system used by all health care professionals in the United States, known as the ICD-9-CM.
For each disorder included in the DSM, a set of diagnostic criteria that indicate what symptoms must be present (and for how long) in order to qualify for a diagnosis (called inclusion criteria) as well as those symptoms that must not be present (called exclusion criteria) in order for an individual to qualify for a particular diagnosis. Many users of the DSM find these diagnostic criteria particularly useful because they provide a compact encapsulated description of each disorder. Furthermore, use of diagnostic criteria has been shown to increase diagnostic reliability (i.e., likelihood that different users will assign the same diagnosis). However, it is important to remember that these criteria are meant to be used a guidelines to be informed by clinical judgment and are not meant to be used in a cookbook fashion. Finally, the third component of the DSM is the descriptive text that accompanies each disorder. The text of DSM-IV systematically describes each disorder under the following headings: “Diagnostic Features”; “Subtypes and/or Specifiers”; “Recording Procedures”; “Associated Features and Disorders”; “Specific Culture, Age, and Gender Features”; “Prevalence”; “Course”; “Familial Pattern”; and “Differential Diagnosis.” DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition), published in 1994 was the last major revision of the DSM. It was the culmination of a six-year effort that involved over 1000 individuals and numerous professional organizations. Much of the effort involved conducting a comprehensive review of the literature to establish a firm empirical basis for making modifications. Numerous changes were made to the classification (i.e., disorders were added, deleted, and reorganized), to the diagnostic criteria sets, and to the descriptive text based on a careful consideration of the available research about the various mental disorders. In anticipation of the fact that the next major revision of the DSM (i.e., DSM-V) will not appear until 2010 or later (i.e., at least 16 years after DSM-IV), a text revision of the DSM-IV called DSM-IV-TR was published in July 2000. The primary goal of the DSM-IV-TR was to maintain the currency of the DSM-IV text, which reflected the empirical literature up to 1992. Thus, most of the major changes in DSM-IV-TR were confined to the descriptive text. Changes were made to a handful of criteria sets in order to correct errors identified in DSM-IV. In addition, some of the diagnostic codes were changed to reflect updates to the ICD-9-CM coding system adopted by the US Government. |
| DSM V is soon to be released and may change some items.kEEP IN MIND OLDER PSYCHOLOGIES DID NOT USE THIS SYSTEM. Catatonia and Hysteria are missing or hidden under new terms. |
September 7, 2008
[REQUESTED INFO] Szondi signs in German.
You can see the dificulties in showing such material on your computer system.
One can use ’save image’, and then enlage it later off line.
On some browsers just change the view percent.
[YOU MUST SEE] 48 Köpfe aus dem Szondi Test
- - - - - - - - ->> [link is HERE]
NOW! You can take the Szondi Genic Relations Test FREE.
No personal information is asked except your age, sex and occupation and the user name you wish to use. Do not include any other highly personal, confidential or embarrassing information.
Contact fateanalysisguy@gmail.com. You need the password.
You can take the Szondi ‘Genic Relations’ Test free by getting the password from fateanalysisguy@gmail. Com- where your Editor “Chirobut” is. (Also read ‘about’ and recognize his avatar when you see it) he will give you access to clear reagent quality photos and instructions, This is for a genic interpretation of your theoretic AFFINITIES TO YOUR GENIC ANCESTORS. For example, which affinities are being satisfied and which are not and become unconscious drive-needs and strivings,
This usage is not psychodiagnostic in intent, It is to be taken as a kind of self-inventory, perhaps useful in your own self-analysis on this new basis and also to reintroduce the teachings, to a new generation, the the work of Hungarian psychiatrist, Leopold (Lipot) Szondi, who claimed a genic basis to where a person finds himself in life , (his fate hence fate analysis is the study. Normal is but a balanced mixture of eight gene passed psychiatric conditions. There are many normals.
The so called, psychiatric conditions, are just exaggerations of normal drives. Professor Szondi reversed this to demonstrate that the key psychiatric conditions could be serve to measure a persons mostly unconscious inclinations and strivings.
September 5, 2008
[THE FORBIDDEN TEACHINGS] THE FOUR HEREDITY SPHERES.
#Each 12 spaces in a column represents the place to put the results of The Szondi Test.
(Our idiosyncratic experimental tool and spectrograph of the third pool of the unconscious.)
This is because there are only six reagent facial photos on (2”x3” cards)of each of the eight basic gene passed psychiatric conditions. A subject is forced to choose two like and two dislikes in six sets, therefor ends with 12 likes and 12 dislikes. The Grill is to organize these choices for study and to make visible different choices on different days for the subject..
This works according to Prof. Szondi, because there exists a language of choice that is an expression of unconscious preferences set by a persons ancestors. He came to this belief from facts he had uncovered in his earlier decade long genealogy studies conducted in Hungary.
The grill is filled in from the mid-point up as liked.
Down as disliked.
#
[h]= photos of males over-charged with feminine Eros.
[s]= photos of sadism over-charged males.
[e]= photos of epileptics in over-charged purity phase.
[hy]= photos hysterics in exhibitionistic phase.
[k]= photos of sub-catatonic narcissistic phase persons.
[p]= photos of super-rationalistic sub-clinical obsessed persons.
[d]= photos of object searching and potentially anal-sadistic persons.
[m]= photos manic phase, oral and primitive dependency seeking persons.
The language here perhaps seems odd. This is because each PSYCHIATRIC CONDITION, now called a FACTOR changes its meaning in respect to the tested individual to its polar opposite. The curious linguistics is intended to reflect this double sometimes reversing use.
Here is an example of a subject who, disliked 3 depressive photos and liked 3 manic ones. The citation at the top is Szondi’s capsulization of the interpretation of what such a choice means. Most students today would prefer to say –[d-] [m+] “Subject…..perfers a mode of adaptation modeled after an earler incestous like relationship.” His mode of saying it includes the love and hate ambivalence. And those who replace once loved persons with ideas and other substitutions.
